On Saturday June 19th held in the auditorium of the World Trade Center in Barcelona this forum promoted especially by the Lacanian School of Psychoanalysis which had the support of various public and private institutions. The particular location of the WTC between the city and the sea, on the outskirts of the ancient Roman city, venue of the first forums, the word derived from "outside" walls "could serve as a metaphor to put this event out of our offices, to move from our settlement to build a new space, a space for the word in the city.
There is solidarity among the very construction of this space and the topic of this forum: "What the muted assessment. A case of emergency: autism. " Provide the conditions necessary to produce, ensure the subjective dimension, so that the subject may speak.
The call had a wide resonance that materialized in about 550 entries and almost 50 operations. We must especially thank the careful work of the organizing committee for distributing both made in the selection of interventions and the ordering of the sequence of presentation. Was formed by Begoña Ansorena, Neus Carbonell, Jose Castillo, Elizabeth Plaster (coordinator), Pilar Foz, Gradiva Reiter, Iván Ruiz and José Ramón Ubieto.
Baste in seven sequences, these interventions were both diverse and unique. Each was addressing an aspect of the ideology of the evaluation of master-signifiers, their willingness to effacement of the case and control and training of the subject, in the name of false scientific principles and theories. All also bore the mark of subjective particularity who spoke and showed that taking the word implies mobilizing the dimension of desire, play something, and when that happens has an effect, for oneself and for others. These effects made this forum happen to be a resounding success to be quite an event. For more than nine hours just no one moved, all participants remained quite aware of what was said.
then try to summarize briefly the points that I found most interesting:
Lucia D'Angelo, PRS president, opened the forum by welcoming all participants and thanking all those institutions that publicly supported its conclusion.
then Judith Miller, president of the Foundation of the Freudian Field placed the forum as a bid to escape the barbaric system of assessment which threatens us. Against the barbarism of a civilization that wants to close the door on any manifestation of the uniqueness of speaking beings, there is a choice of civilization. We have no choice but to gamble, "he concluded, citing Pascual," this is not voluntary, we are engaged!
After the opening ceremony in the experimental interventions, brief, concise and varied. As noted above, about fifty people, not counting that took the floor, took the floor to say something about themselves or a child, a clinical vignette to a point, make a point, to talk about what is not going to psychology, medicine, academia, society, to place that does not respond to love, to say something about the difficulties of dealing with this ideology of the assessment that, under a supposed neutrality, attacks, eliminates fiercely dimension subjective, and also to account for individual or collective responses, as it were, among others, this same forum. Content shone above all shone the utterance.
I. "The risk of civilization: to deny the subjective dimension"
José Ramón Ubieto, psychoanalyst, this opening sequence opened by stating that psychology has tried to find the figure of the subject, but subject is not examinable, always includes an opacity-even to himself. Current scientism denies the opacity and sailing, after the phrase "scientific evidence", his will to dominate and training of the subject. For psychoanalysis, however, it is always to obtain their consent.
José Andrés Torres Mora, Málaga Member of Congress (Social Democratic Party) and Professor of Sociology at the UCM, stated that the field psi as the political field are now before the challenge of an ideology that wants to replace the words for numbers. Believe that numbers do not lie, but that's just right, "he added while saying nothing. The numbers do not lie but those who use them and they use them to build crude interpretations.
The current crisis causes uncertainty, insecurity, and gives feeling of vulnerability as some people think that politicians should keep quiet for the economic elite to take political power. But we must learn to live in support of contingency and disappointment. This is talk, talk, plan strategies. The political problems are not technocratic solutions but political. And that means more than something on the order of a bet that a mathematical solution.
writer Lolita Bosch spoke of the necessity and difficulty of constructing the subjectivity of literary character. General can not be used or archetypes for this: is its uniqueness which allows us to contact him, which tells us something of our own.
Jorge German psychoanalyst raised three points:
1. The evaluation is unrelated to science but art, in the Heideggerian sense. Science has a relationship with the dimension of the impossible, while the technique rejects.
2. The technique is correlative to the evaluation but also of subjectivity, which does not reject it becomes a spectacle. It is then necessary to distinguish between the subject and subjectivity: subjective evaluation and belong to the same world as equivalent goods; rather the subject is singular, can not be replaced.
3) It is necessary to distinguish between policy and politics. Politics has to do with the endless movement of goods, where everything becomes equivalent. Politics is what emerges from the displacement of the cause. There are only political moment when the accounting policy does not come into play. The policy should look to psychoanalysis, he concluded, as the last century perspective that keeps with the knowledge and cause a non-technical.
II. "A clear example of the subjectivity at stake: Autism"
Elizabeth Plaster noted that the autistic individual defends himself as the Other: the voice and look. Regarding the first, which was a common point to all the speeches this sequence implies that the voice said something and drop it off.
Managuerra Mercè, actress and acting coach of the Institut del Teatre de Barcelona, \u200b\u200bread his own Castilian translation of a famous poem by Lluís Solà: "When you have no more words, speech-sound start / do not stop, invented the word / digs into the syllables (...) dig, start of new / language started , do not hesitate / do not stop, enter new words ... "(L. Solà," Poema n º 1 ". In: Among bellesa i pain).
Mària Panes J OSEP proposed that in autism find a particular form of foreclosure and the return of enjoyment, where the defense forces the exclusion of the voice in two dimension as the enunciation and support while enjoying experience.
Gracia Viscasillas presented an interesting clinical vignette that illustrates how an intervention with an autistic subject allowed him to pass the noise, shouting and a few months later began to use words. In this regard, Elizabeth Plaster said that before the word there is not silence but the trait, the scream.
Ermel Morales, professor literal reading of the School of Dramatic Art Galicia, said a theater experience with adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in which the scripts are rewritten to the extent that participants can bring them their own words. "The stories are written but rewritten to count-is-said it best."
III. "Science, scientific method and its limits"
Manuel Fernandez Blanco noted that assessment, the figure, behaviorism has become the common discourse. When it comes to effectiveness, efficiency, significant self-esteem, love of our time-behaviorism speak without knowing. This discourse contaminates all practical and social, political, educational, health and makes us a bit more stupid than real.
then Javier Peteiro, Chief of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Allergy at the University Hospital of A Coruña left in his speech that all is not accessible to science and all that what is called science. Then classified the various existing theories of autism and scientific, pseudoscientific or scientistic.
While science can provide valuable information regarding the genetic and neuropathological correlates of autism, he pointed out, there are few scientific theories as, in the absence of basic knowledge, it is possible to develop an effective scientific treatment. With regard to scientific theories, warned of the danger. And in relation to the currents of behavioral scientism and evidence-based medicine coincided with psychoanalysis in which nullify the subject. Finally, he noted that science is not sufficient to understand autism and, in general, to humans. In addition, "he said, a theory human being can be true without being scientific.
Manuel Fernandez Blanco reported that the autumn Miguel Gómez editors Peteiro publish a book whose title is: scientific authoritarianism.
Laia Torrent, molecular biologist and a doctoral student in neuroscience, explained how to apply the scientific method in genetic research. The fierce competition between researchers, each team makes only publish results positive and not negative.
Stephanoto Cristian, neuroscience researcher was concerned that the scientific validation systems suffer from a lack of rigor. And he insisted that the production of scientific knowledge is by no means free of arbitrariness and bias.
psychoanalyst John Pundik stressed that the medicalization of childhood is a crucial policy problem that requires a political response. The power is in the hands of neoliberalism, an economic ideological conception that no nations or societies, or cultures, or subject. There is only market.
psychoanalyst Guy Brioles raised the inadequacy between the progress of science and humanity. In the current rapid pace, and without a public debate, "is the science that leads the dance." It is intended to reshape society, and men who are part of it, from scientific advances reflected based on criteria of profitability. Are made to believe that the enjoyment of consumer goods it as a life of a man desiring. The current health by emphasizing the scientific side detriment of its human dimension is caught in the movement.
psychiatry, he pointed out, drags two signifiers of that cost spread: the power and discipline. So are frequently allied with political power, interested in good order and discipline. The ethics of modern psychiatrist is bio-discipline.
IV. "The words of parents"
involved in this sequence Miguel Gallardo, Mar Calado, Ana Laura Castro, Sagrario Rojas, Menchu \u200b\u200bRuiz. While all the evidence had a special value, I will return here only some of them. Miguel Gallardo, artist and illustrator, spoke of his experience with the peculiarities of his daughter over the years and talked about his book "Mary and I" as a result of it, which was recently relocated to the movies by Felix Fernandez de Castro and will soon be on the screens.
Mar Calado presented us with the new partnership TEAD, which is vice president and brings together parents and families of patients with autism spectrum disorder, who believe that treatment must take into account the subjectivity of children and demand their right to choose the type of treatment is most appropriate to address the differences of their children.
Ana Laura Castro testimony of how a master-signifier had been prevented for a time to connect with his daughter. Finally realized that he had to silence their demands, silence inside in order to receive his daughter.
V and VI. "The treatment of autism" and "Treatment of autism among various professionals"
During these sequences, we heard some bullets and very interesting clinical insights of psychoanalysts Ansorena Begoña Martin Egge and Gradiva Reiter.
Begoña Ansorena presented a clinical vignette which clearly identifies how the establishment of a dialogue with autism requires prior removal of an object. Gradiva Reiter, meanwhile, filed another vignette that clearly illustrate how the inclusion of difference, homogenized with the rest, ie, overriding what is more appropriate, the unique feature can be devastating.
could also listening to the speeches of different professionals working on different devices and from different practices: Star Masaveu psychomotricians and Yolanda Vives, pedagogue Daniel de León, and psychoanalysts Giuseppe Salzillo, Vilma Coccoz and Llúcia Viloco.
Psychoanalysts Pilar Foz and Félix Rueda witnessed their first meeting with autism clinic from two separate cases. Pilar Foz said the first lesson I learned is that the autistic child defends itself from the others and lives in his own body that which comes out feeling it as intrusive, so we must be guided by him. Félix Rueda said you want to delete the dimension of the transference and its articulation with the subjectivity crush the children, their families and those working with them.
Vilma Coccoz reported how the ideology of the evaluation is subject to "Abnormal"-outside the norm, blind to its dictates. He recalled that Lacan spoke of there are infinite ways of adaptation.
For its part, the psychoanalyst Llúcia Viloco showed us an interview he conducted with Ajuariguerra, Switzerland, in 1971, where the psychiatrist stressed the vital importance of the word, the dialogue with patient in treatment.
In relation to the different practices and devices, Vicente Palomera said the partner in all cases is still the word. It is important to be aware of everything you can do metaphor in this clinic.
VII. The effect of evaluation in our culture "
Constantino Bertolo, editor Trojan Horse, warned of the importance of dialogue with the texts, to listen.
Mar Vila spoke of his experience as a resident in child and adolescent psychiatry at the SLAM (South London and Maudsley Hospital) where the administrative work leaving less and less time to the clinic.
Nora Catelli, professor of Theory of Literature and Comparative Literature at UB, he referred to the problem of evaluation and social control in college and placed two problems: first, the minorization of college and university reduced the business world.
Sonia Arribas, professor at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra i said if the practice of evaluation in the Humanities is a recent trend however is a particularly prominent part of the cognitive sciences. It attacks the transmission to know based on the transfer. The teacher student ratio is replaced by client-manager. The bubble of knowledge in the university will be the next to explode, he predicted.
Psychoanalyst Delia Steinmann, team supervisor at the Regional Hospital of Rhône-Alpes (France) recalled that a man born of the encounter with the living language and therefore is unique of its kind. Each embodies its own standard. From this perspective a science worthy of the name does not work with no quality control of human beings. The mathematical calculation is limited by subjectivity. The figure is not an argument to forge a destiny.
Finally, Luisa Casas, literature teacher at a secondary school located in a quite small neighborhood of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bexplained how at the difficulties she encountered when he reached the center decided to start a theater experience with students who managed to mobilize and begin to be interested in other things. This experience continues in the form of a permanent theater company which has gone from amateur to the professional circuit and has won numerous awards.
Ideas perspectives, conclusions
Miquel Bassols spoke at the forum as a polyhedron with many faces that have allowed us to see different features and a vacuum necessary. What assessment can not evaluate "he pointed out is that we are wrong and that only the best manage to do a good sign.
In his final lecture, "Future of the autism spectrum," Éric Laurent noted that giving a voice to autistic subjects produced a "de-massification" of identity that lie under the bar that spectrum. We come then a diversity of subjects.
This diversity calls, love as seen in the success of hearing that took the series "Young, autism and crazy about the scene" (Young, Autistic and Stagestruck "), that Canal 4 UK issued between April and May this year. In it, nine young autistic trying to produce a play.
The paradox is that the remedicalización of psychiatry that occurred during the seventies of last century's autism took the stage of the relationship and it became the target of investigations seeking genetic alterations.
However, the spectrum of autism clinic meets so varied that it can not be summarized in the categories of the DSM. In one of the poles of the spectrum can be put autism, communication disorder, and other bipolar disorders, which present relational and affective disorders. Men and women are distributed differently in relation to each of these poles: the first are diagnosed with autism four times more than women and the latter are diagnosed with bipolar disorder three times more than the first.
The dramatic increase in autism cases is the result of crushing clinic that involves the categorization of DSM. Within ten years, one in fifty people will be diagnosed as autistic.
But there is resistance to be included in these tags. In fact, the DSM V, which is scheduled for 2012, will eliminate the disorder Asperger singles and retain the category of autistic spectrum disorder.
The future of the autism spectrum, difficult to maintain, he pointed out, are autistic themselves, the peculiarity of each of them as subjects. We could see its diversity vignettes in which we have heard and also how different therapists each autistic subject heading to produce therapeutic effects.
paranoia If the subject places the enjoyment by another of bad faith that haunts him, and schizophrenia, places it in the body and its organs, Éric Laurent to situate the enjoyment, the autism, in a border.
autistic encapsulation allows for a body: for the picture, there is a housing that defines the area of \u200b\u200bsecurity of autism, given a protective boundary against a threatening Other. In therapy, that edge can be moved, loosened constitute a space that is neither the one nor the other, and where some exchange may occur with an Other, that is not threatening another outside edge. It is an area of \u200b\u200bsome game.
Psychoanalysis is a space game: word game in neurosis, play in the clinic with children, building a set of personal language in psychosis, building game an edge in autism.
Anything goes to make this border, for a resonance effect, an appreciation in the exchange. This is different from what we see in the theories of learning where the focus is preset and to comply, you get a reward.
In view of psychoanalysis there is no separation between knowledge and pleasure you get from this exchange. We are in a game such that any cognition is a satisfaction. This is a practice among many, but not only between different therapists, but among several bodies. The therapist's body is used as an object. It is because you can build a border, took the place, even with his body.
To construct this space is needed, as illustrated by some cartoons, draw an object. Then the noise can be transformed into a cry. You have to be tactful. No we must hurry because the production of the subject takes a while can not be measured in a linear fashion. We must respect the silence of the child and remain silent on the side of the therapist.
then, Laurent took up the issue of increased frequency of diagnosis of autism in males. What is the cause, he wondered. Freud replied that explained by the different relation with the phallus, the greater frequency of depression in women is related with the need for love and response to the loss. Autistic subjects, meanwhile, bear witness to the intolerance of failure. If there is a greater vulnerability of boys is because they are carriers of the penis and the fault is foreclosed.
Finally, Laurent said the experience has been exceptional this forum to see how out of some populist tyranny of silence. But we must follow, which resounded the poem read by Mercè Lluís Solà Managuerra, whose last verses read as follows: "On the stairs of silence, do not stop (...) talk, do not stop, announces the word." This is what we put into the autistic spectrum, he concluded.
At the close of the forum, Carmen Cuñat stressed to make a forum involves subverting the institutional inertia of others, but also ours. Elizabeth Plaster, for his part, thanked the interventions, the participation of all and was also a word of appreciation also for autistic children that allowed us to meet and work together. Making loop so there will be other forums, he said.
Margarita Alvarez
Psychoanalyst, Lacanian School of Psychoanalysis
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